The study looked at how corporate governance and corporate social responsibility affect profitability in Indonesian companies. They analyzed data from over 2,000 companies from 2015 to 2019. The findings showed that managerial ownership and CSR positively impact return on assets, reducing agency costs. However, independent board members, audit committee size, and institutional ownership did not affect profitability, indicating weaknesses in corporate governance practices in Indonesia. The study suggests that some governance regulations are merely superficial, emphasizing the importance of social aspects in stakeholder considerations.