The study looked at soil under four shrubs in China to see how they affect microbes, enzymes, and nutrients. They found that the soil near the roots had more microbes and enzymes, except for actinomycetes and urease. The shrubs helped increase organic matter, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil. The amount of available nitrogen was higher away from the roots. Enzyme activities were linked to soil nutrients, with different relationships for different enzymes. Overall, soil bacteria, fungi, enzyme activities, and certain nutrients were important for soil fertility.