The study looked at how different types of fertilizers affect maize yield on yellow soil in China. They tested four treatments: no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, organic manure, and a combination of chemical fertilizer and organic manure. The results showed that using a combination of chemical fertilizer and organic manure led to the highest increase in maize yield. Long-term fertilization also improved the efficiency of fertilizer use, with significant increases in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium utilization rates. This suggests that using a combination of chemical fertilizer and organic manure is important for increasing crop yield and fertilizer efficiency over time.