Pension systems in Europe and Central Asia are facing big changes due to fewer young people and more elderly. Reforms made in the past were based on a growing population, but now they are not sustainable. To provide adequate benefits in the future, countries need to go back to the pension system of the 1970s. This will require changes in labor markets, savings, and public finances. Different countries may need different solutions, but all changes must be widely discussed and accepted by the public to avoid reversals. It's important to start making sustainable choices now before facing harsh measures in the future.