The article discusses how to design studs for composite decks on steel bridges for high-speed railways. The researchers compared different structural and mechanical characteristics to come up with a simplified model for stud design. They found that studs can handle shear forces within a certain range, and in some cases, bending forces need to be considered for the steel girders. The design methods and models used in the study were applied to a specific bridge to optimize stud placement and ensure structural integrity.