The article explores how people avoid risks in decision-making using a theory called cumulative prospect theory. It shows that being risk-averse means preferring safer options, and this leads to certain patterns in how gains and losses are weighted. The researchers found that risk aversion is linked to having curved weighting functions for gains and losses, but not necessarily a curved utility function. They also discovered that being averse to losses is related to being risk-averse. In simpler terms, the study shows that when people are cautious with risks, they tend to value gains and losses in a specific way, even if their overall satisfaction doesn't follow the same pattern.