The article discusses how waste is managed in Canada. It explains that waste can be disposed of in landfills or through thermal treatments like incineration. Landfilling is common but can cause environmental issues. Thermal treatments can reduce waste volume and produce energy, but they are costly and create air pollutants. Hazardous waste can be treated to reduce its volume and toxicity. Waste can also be diverted through recycling and composting. Recycling materials like glass and plastic can reduce the need for new resources. Composting turns organic waste into fertilizers. The article also covers the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater in Canada.