The article challenges the idea that Arrow-Debreu theory is the only way to understand economics. It shows that equilibrium prices can be determined without considering consumer preferences. These prices are similar to Marxian labor values and are influenced by labor time. Profit is also linked to labor, not just capital, which goes against the idea of free competition. By adjusting the concept of equilibrium prices, competitive prices can be seen as a result of supply and demand interaction, rather than just capital quantity. This challenges the neoclassical law of diminishing returns.