The article discusses how food systems in low and middle-income countries are changing and affecting public health. It points out gaps in understanding food systems and their impact on nutrition and food safety. There is a need for better mapping and governance of food systems to improve food safety and public health. Efforts to improve food safety are hindered by inadequate capacities and lack of policy coherence. More research is needed to understand the structure and drivers of food systems to ensure access to nutrients and healthy eating.