The researchers studied how different ways of planting globe artichokes affect their root growth, leaf size, and overall yield. They compared planting seeds directly in the ground to transplanting seedlings. The plants from transplants had longer roots and bigger leaves, leading to higher yields. The transplanted plants produced more artichokes earlier in the season compared to the directly seeded ones. The type of planting method did not affect the quality of the artichoke heads. One of the artichoke varieties had better root growth and higher yields than the others. Overall, transplanting the seedlings resulted in better root and shoot growth, leading to higher yields of globe artichokes.