Changes in land use type affect soil water characteristics. This study looked at how soil water holding capacity and water availability are influenced by different types of vegetation (grassland, shrubland, forestland) on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Results showed that woodland had higher soil water holding capacity compared to grassland and shrubland. Soil physical properties improved from grassland to woodland, with differences in bulk density, soil texture, and porosity. These factors play a key role in determining soil water characteristics. The findings help understand how vegetation restoration impacts local water resources and can guide land use planning in the region.