The article explores how household consumption and income are related. By analyzing data from Italian households, the researchers found that consumption growth is linked to expected income variability, not predicted income growth. They also discovered that households save more in response to temporary income changes, rather than permanent ones. Contrary to a theory suggesting no consumption changes over time, the study showed significant consumption mobility among households. Additionally, the researchers developed a model to measure the risk of income shocks, considering different factors like education.