The article tackles the debate about subsidizing buses in Indonesia, examining its impact on public transportation. It aims to show that while subsidies help run buses efficiently, they may not be enough for long-term sustainability. The focus is on creating a well-targeted subsidy system involving the government and private sector to ensure sustainable transport in the future. The researchers suggest that without proper adjustments, public transport usage might decline as incomes rise, pushing more people to use private vehicles. They argue for a strategic subsidy approach to support the right transportation methods for lasting success.