The researchers studied how organic waste from fruits and vegetables can be turned into biochar, compost, and co-composted biochar to improve soil health. They used various techniques to analyze the materials and found that biochar had the highest surface area and contained more nutrients like potassium and iron compared to compost. Biochar also had a stable carbon structure suitable for storing carbon in the soil. Overall, the study showed that these organic products can be beneficial for soil health and crop production.