The scientists created a large-scale model to study how mining affects underground rock formations. They found that mining disrupts the natural stress balance, causing pressure in front of the mine and relief in certain areas. The collapsed rocks fill the empty space left by mining, supporting the overlying rocks. After mining, the rocks above sink and the floor bulges. Cracks form in the surrounding rocks, with their shape changing as distance from the mine increases. The researchers also calculated the fractal dimensions of these cracks, finding that they stabilize as distance from the mine grows. These findings can help ensure the stability of deep underground projects like mining and tunnel excavation.