The research looked at coal, gas, and oil markets globally to understand their impact on climate change and energy security. They found that there's a lot of fossil fuels, especially coal, which can emit a lot of CO2. Meeting future demands for oil might be tough as costs rise. Many places are more concerned about having enough fossil fuels than reducing them. Despite efforts, we're not really cutting back on fossil fuels, making it hard to limit global warming to 2°C. This struggle comes from wealthy countries not agreeing on strong enough plans to cut emissions and developing countries having high demand and lots of coal.