The article discusses how technology licensing works between companies in different countries. It shows that licensing usually happens when the new company has lower costs than the existing one. If the existing company has much lower costs, they might not want to license their technology. When there are many companies with the same technology, the royalty payments decrease. Each company wants to sell their technology first, creating a tricky situation. If multiple companies want to license the technology, the price they are willing to pay depends on what other companies are doing.