Marxism and Capitalism explores how capitalism emerged and spread globally, dominating all aspects of human life. Marx believed in progress and modernity, but also recognized the contradictions and complexities within capitalist development. He argued that colonial capitalism would not lead to social progress and supported calls for national independence. Capitalist development is not a smooth process and does not guarantee a better life for everyone. Marx's analysis highlights the dynamic nature of capitalism as a mode of production based on extracting surplus labor.