The study aimed to improve beef productivity in Korean cattle by simulating different breeding scenarios. They found that gene frequency changes were greater in populations with fewer sub-populations and more cattle. Homozygote frequency and inbreeding coefficient increased in populations with more sub-populations and smaller cattle. Heritabilities for body weight at 6 and 12 months of age increased in populations with more small sub-populations. There was a strong correlation between body weight at different ages. Genetic gains per year for body weight varied across populations.