The study looked at turning corncob waste into useful materials through two different processes: hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis. The researchers wanted to see how these processes affected the fiber composition, surface area, and chemical properties of the corncob. They found that the hydrothermal process produced corncob with a surface area of 11.53 m2/g, while pyrolysis at 480°C and 380°C resulted in surface areas of 7.66 and 6.12 m2/g, respectively. These findings could help in creating bio-based activated carbon from corncob waste.