The aim of the study was to figure out how to make electric cars more affordable and attractive to buyers. The researchers looked at different ways to improve plug-in electric vehicles, like changing the battery during the car's life, boosting battery lifespan, cutting battery costs, and supplying electric power to the vehicle while driving. Their analysis showed that having the option to charge the car while on the move was the most cost-effective for consumers. By enhancing battery quality and reducing costs, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) became more economical than current hybrid cars and traditional gasoline cars.