The study looked at soil properties in rural areas in southern Brazil to see how different farming practices affect the soil. They collected soil samples from different plots and analyzed physical, chemical, and biological properties. The results showed that soil quality is lower in areas where tobacco is grown compared to areas with no-tillage grain production. This suggests that changes in land use and soil management are needed to improve soil quality and prevent degradation. Using cover crops and allowing natural vegetation to grow can help increase soil organic matter, nutrients, and microbial activity, leading to better soil health for future crop production.