The Eurasian steppe, a vast grassland area, was studied from 2000 to 2014 to understand the impact of climate change and human activities on grassland health. Grassland productivity was analyzed, showing a slight decrease in annual productivity. Nearly half of the grasslands degraded, but over half showed signs of recovery. Degradation in China was mainly due to climate change, while in Mongolia it was caused by human activities. Recovery in Kazakhstan was driven by human actions, while in Mongolia it was influenced by climate change. Precipitation had a bigger impact on grassland productivity than temperature.