Land use changes in Abol woreda, Gambella Regional State, have led to a decline in soil quality. The study aimed to assess the effects of land use on soil properties. Three main land uses were identified: cropped, grazing, and forest. Soil samples showed that soil bulk density was highest in cropped land, while total porosity was highest in forest land. Soil fertility was found to decrease from forest to pasture to farming lands. This suggests that continuous cultivation degrades essential plant nutrients in the soil.