The research looked at how Alberta's carbon pricing system affected industries like oil and gas. They wanted to see if the rules helped prevent companies from moving emissions (carbon leakage) to places with fewer regulations. The system set rules for how much emissions companies could release and had options like giving money for being more environmentally friendly. They compared this system with one in California. The study found that Alberta's rules didn't do enough to stop carbon leakage. Also, they didn't consider how to attract new investments in high-capital industries like oil and gas. More needs to be done to make sure companies keep emissions low without harming their business.