The researchers studied how different factors affect rice yield under difficult soil conditions. They found that traits like chlorophyll content, harvest index, and grains per panicle have a strong positive impact on grain yield. Plant height and days to flowering, on the other hand, have a negative effect. Factors like flag leaf area, grains per panicle, and harvest index directly influence grain yield. To improve rice yield, it is important to focus on traits like flag leaf area, grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index.