The original plan for the U.S. federal courts focused on promoting international trade and peace, with the Supreme Court playing a key role. The Judiciary Act of 1789 addressed concerns raised during state ratification conventions. The federal courts were designed to prioritize national interests over state interests, especially in matters of international and interstate peace and commerce. The courts had limited jurisdiction over state laws and mainly dealt with federal crimes and revenue laws. The early federal courts were oriented towards supporting foreign trade and investment, emphasizing the importance of international relations and harmony.