The article discusses free trade agreements in the EU with Mercosur, Canada, and Japan. It looks at how these agreements affect trade policies and the environment. The researchers explore the origins of multilateralism and regionalism, comparing trade agreements within the EU. They highlight the benefits of these agreements and discuss concerns about environmental impact. Key findings include the EU-Mercosur trade agreement, the EU-Canada comprehensive economic and trade agreement, and the EU-Japan economic partnership agreement.