The study looked at how sperm concentration and motility affect embryo development and pregnancy outcomes in IVF-ICSI cycles for couples with male factor subfertility. They analyzed data from 109 couples in Malaysia and divided them into four groups based on sperm parameters. Group II, with normal sperm concentration but reduced motility, had the highest fertilization and cleavage rates, leading to the most good embryos and highest pregnancy rates. Group IV, with reduced sperm concentration and normal motility, had the lowest cleavage and pregnancy rates. However, overall, there were no significant differences in outcomes between couples with normal and reduced sperm concentration and motility.