Countries have different rules for agriculture, which can cause disagreements between trading partners. Major food systems are changing due to climate concerns and demand for standards. This study looks at how countries decide to adopt international agri-food practices, using the EU's Farm to Fork program as an example. They found that countries weigh the benefits of joining (keeping trade open but facing higher costs) against not joining (closed trade but no cost change). The UK leaving the EU may impact other countries' decisions to participate.