The article explores how to determine the best way to provide deposit insurance for banks to prevent bank runs. The researchers found that the impact of changing the level of insurance depends on how likely a bank is to fail, the cost of preventing a bank from failing, and the cost of intervening if a bank does fail. They also discovered that when banks don't consider the financial impact of their actions, changes in their behavior due to insurance levels only affect the optimal insurance level indirectly. The study identifies factors that influence the best way to regulate banks and examines the practical implications of their findings through measurement and simulation.