Field pea crops in India face challenges from diseases that reduce their quality and quantity. To combat this, accurate and sensitive diagnostic techniques are crucial. Methods like PCR, ELISA, and biosensors are used to detect diseases early and accurately. Monitoring plant health daily is important to reduce disease severity. Modern nanofabrication techniques have improved the sensitivity of biosensors, while bioinformatics helps identify specific disease-related sequences. DNA, RNA, and serological-based techniques offer more accurate and early disease diagnosis compared to visual observation.