Land use practices by smallholder farmers in Central Ethiopia affect soil properties differently. Enset agroforestry systems improve soil quality, with higher levels of nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen. Cereal farmland, on the other hand, degrades soil quality. Surprisingly, Eucalyptus woodlots also showed higher levels of organic carbon and nitrogen compared to farmland. Proper soil management practices, like maintaining crop residues and implementing agroforestry systems, can help maintain soil health and prevent nutrient loss.