The article talks about how private companies can help tackle water scarcity. It suggests that governments have mostly managed water supplies, but the private sector has a big role to play. This might involve full private control over water or partnerships with the government. The study argues that private businesses can step in where public institutions are struggling with water issues. By looking at economics and contract theory, the researchers show that private companies can contribute to water security through things like corporate social responsibility and impact investing. With water scarcity getting worse and old water systems needing updates, private involvement could be a solution when public efforts fall short.