Fiscal federalism and fiscal decentralization are two different ways to manage healthcare funding. Fiscal federalism gives local governments control over part of the national healthcare budget, while fiscal decentralization gives them control over the whole budget. Countries like the UK and Brazil use fiscal federalism, while Italy and China use fiscal decentralization. Fiscal federalism seems to be better for overall healthcare quality and equality, while fiscal decentralization can lead to unequal access to services. Countries with fiscal decentralization have seen improvements in infant mortality rates, but also face challenges in resource allocation and service access. In conclusion, fiscal federalism may be a better option for improving healthcare services and health outcomes nationwide.