Crop rotations and monoculture were studied to see how they affect weed prevalence and seed content in the soil. The researchers found that long-term crop rotations can increase crop productivity, reduce weeds, and maintain sustainability in farming. They also discovered that as weed mass increases, the yield of winter rye decreases. Reseeding rye crops can lead to the spread of certain weeds like Equisetum arvense and Mentha arvensis. Cereal crops dominate current crop structures, which can increase weed spread, highlighting the importance of crop rotations in intensive farming.