The study looks at how the European Union's energy policy affects the separation of greenhouse gas emissions from economic growth in its countries from 1996 to 2017. They used different methods to track emissions and found that emissions decreased in most countries, getting faster after 2005 when the EU started focusing on energy policy. This decrease was mainly due to improvements in how efficiently energy was used and changes in the energy sources used. However, the reduction in emissions might involve sending emission-producing industries to countries outside the EU. So, while the EU's energy policy is helping cut down emissions, some of it is happening by moving those industries elsewhere.