The study looked at how combining chemical fertilizers, organic manures, and biofertilizers can improve the growth, yield, and quality of Indian spinach. By using a mix of these nutrients, the researchers found that a specific treatment resulted in taller plants, longer roots, larger leaves, higher plant weight, better moisture and chlorophyll content, and increased yield. This treatment also led to a quicker first harvest compared to other methods. Overall, combining different types of nutrients can help spinach plants grow better and produce more food.