The study looked at how extension services and local institutions affect farmers' adoption of conservation agriculture and food security in northern Ethiopia. They surveyed 350 farmers and found that farmers who received extension services and had strong social connections were more likely to adopt conservation agriculture and have better food security. These farmers had higher food consumption, expenditure, and food security levels compared to others. This shows that providing support through extension services and local institutions can help farmers in drought-prone areas adopt sustainable agriculture practices and reduce the risk of food insecurity.