Optimizing sowing time and crop spacing boosts Indian mustard yield.
Sowing Indian mustard in mid-October with a crop geometry of 45 x 30 cm can increase seed yield and economic returns in irrigated conditions of Rajasthan. This approach resulted in higher crop yield attributes, such as more branches and seeds per plant, leading to a seed yield of 2159 kg/ha and a favorable B:C ratio of 3.14. Adjusting plant spacing and sowing time can enhance productivity and profitability of Indian mustard cultivation.