The scientists studied how much rainwater turned into runoff in the Sind river basin. They used a method called SCS-CN, which relies on factors like land use, soil type, and past soil wetness. They checked data from 2005 to 2014 and found that, on average, 133.71 mm of rain becomes runoff each year in the basin. This runoff adds up to a total volume of 35.04 × 10^8 cubic meters, which is about 17.21% of the yearly rainfall.