The article looks at how to make the pulp and paper industry more eco-friendly using a tool called life cycle assessment (LCA). The researchers focused on assessing the environmental impact of processes like de-inking and co-generation in this industry. By analyzing things like greenhouse gas emissions, they found ways to reduce the industry's environmental footprint. They used a method that combines economic and environmental factors to evaluate different options. The results showed that certain changes can make a positive impact on the environment without hurting the industry's bottom line. The study contributes to understanding how to balance economic success with environmental responsibility in the pulp and paper sector, specifically in Canada.