Using modern irrigation systems and plastic mulching can help save water and increase maize crop productivity in clayey soils. In a study in Fayoum, Egypt, researchers tested different irrigation methods and mulching techniques on maize plants. They found that the improved surface irrigation system, using 80% of the recommended water amount, and black plastic mulching resulted in the highest maize yield. Drip irrigation was the most water-efficient method, saving about 20% of water compared to surface and improved surface systems. Overall, the study showed that combining improved surface irrigation, reduced water usage, and black plastic mulching can lead to significant water savings and higher maize yields in clayey soils.