Improving soil health and productivity is crucial for sustainable farming. A study in eastern India looked at different crop systems and residue management over five years. They found that incorporating crop residues, like leftover plant parts, led to better soil health. The best crop system for productivity was jute-rice-baby corn, while jute-rice-vegetable pea was most sustainable. Using crop residues and recommended fertilizers together gave the highest productivity and sustainability. The soil quality was best in the jute-rice-vegetable pea system. Overall, diversifying crops and using residues can help improve soil health and productivity in farming.