A study on rainfed pearlmillet in New Delhi looked at how planting density and nitrogen management affect productivity and water-use efficiency. High-density planting with alternate row harvesting at 35 days after sowing gave the best results for production efficiency, yield, and profits. Normal distance sowing led to the highest protein yield and water-use efficiency. Using 75 kg of nitrogen per hectare as basal fertilizer resulted in the highest yield and profits. A combination of 37.5 kg of nitrogen as basal and side dressing gave the highest protein content in the grain and water-use efficiency.