The study looked at how cotton farming in Punjab and India has changed over the years. They analyzed data from 1975 to 2018 to see how the area of cotton fields, the amount of cotton produced, and the yield of cotton per field have changed. In India, the area of cotton fields has been growing steadily, while in Punjab, it has not changed much. The amount of cotton produced in India has been increasing over time, but in Punjab, it has not changed much. The yield of cotton per field has been increasing in both India and Punjab, with Punjab seeing a bigger increase in recent years.