The study looked at how droplets merge when exposed to different types of electric fields. They used computer simulations to see how droplets behaved under direct current (DC), alternative current (AC), and pulsed DC electric fields. They found that droplets merged the fastest under DC fields, followed by AC and then pulsed DC. The strength of the electric field needed to make droplets merge was lower for DC and AC compared to pulsed DC. The strength needed for pulsed DC decreased with longer pulse periods. Interestingly, the critical strength for pulsed DC was similar to AC at long periods, but different at short periods.