The study looked at how changes in the number of species, their evenness, and their total abundance are related in different ecosystems. They found that when the number of species and their evenness change in the same direction, there are more changes in species richness. Changes in species richness were limited when the number of species and their evenness changed in opposite directions. Changes in biodiversity over time were more consistent and connected compared to changes between different locations. The researchers discovered that changes in species relative abundances had a big impact on local biodiversity. Overall, understanding how changes in species abundance, evenness, and richness are connected can help us better understand how biodiversity is changing in our world today.