Increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer in double-season rice fields can significantly decrease greenhouse gas emissions. By studying different combinations of density and nitrogen levels, researchers found that a specific combination (IR2) led to a 50.8% decrease in CH4 emissions, a 37.3% decrease in global warming potential, and a 42.9% decrease in greenhouse gas intensity compared to the control group. This combination also resulted in the lowest N2O emissions, making it an effective way to maintain high yields while reducing greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields.