The study examined how different land management practices affect runoff and soil erosion on slopes in northern China. By analyzing data from plots over several years, researchers discovered that areas without soil conservation had the highest runoff depth and suffered the most soil loss. Plots with terracing and vegetation had lower runoff and less soil loss. Measures like vegetation and engineering can significantly reduce runoff and sediment loss on slopes. The intensity of rainfall impacts soil erosion on bare soil and cultivated areas, while the amount and duration of rain affect areas with conservation measures. Water-saving soil techniques are recommended for the region, along with reconsidering terrace sizes on gentle slopes and reducing forest and grass coverage on slopes to ensure clean drinking water. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of using soil conservation methods to protect slopes and prevent soil erosion.